The Role of the Media in the Disparate Response to Gun Violence in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 760 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? There have been many cases of gun violence in America. For example, the school shooting that occurred in December 2012 in which 20 elementary school children were victims. This was one of the cases in which after plenty of shootings, both political and community leaders began to get involved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of the Media in the Disparate Response to Gun Violence in America" essay for you Create order Many believe that the cause of awareness was because of the shootings in Newton. Regardless, of the prior shootings, statistics determine that many of the children involved in shootings resulted to be children of color, of which a majority of them come from low-income homes and neighborhoods in which they already encounter gun violence. Although it is widely known and often portrayed by the media that a mass of shootings occur in neighborhoods inhabited by a majority of Blacks it never has an equivalent result compared to the shootings in Newton. It is argued the lack of attention given these groups of children and people derives from the way the media depicts them to be. The way the media has addressed Blacks versus Whites in the past has had a major effect in the interest of people. The stereotypes developed about Blacks may have been influential in the concern and empathy of media directors, which ultimately leads to the concern of the general population. The majority cause of homicides derives from gun violence and the greater part seem to be from Black descent. This includes males from the ages of 10 and 24, which are also more likely to be a victim of gun violence than anyone else. Studies demonstrate that Black minors were more likely to be victims of school shooting than their White counterparts. Those who survived were left with signs of post-traumatic disorders that could eventually lead to further danger in the lives of other minors. During the course of history, racial minorities have been negatively portrayed in the media. movie roles often portrayed stereotypes of racial minorities that included criminals, prostitutes, drug dealers, and drug users. In these results, Black women are often portrayed as immoral and, since then, widely perceived erotic others. In a similar way, Black males have been perceived as savages and criminals. Blacks in particular, have held stereotypes existing among the general U.S. society. News outlets almost never show Blacks as victims. On the contrary, studies have revealed that news stations disproportionately choose to focus on Blacks as the assailants or perpetrators. The ability to associate Blacks as victims becomes increasingly difficult. News stories involving a Black victim are rarely given much attention, journalists do not find such stories as newsworthy. According to their study on the news value of Black victims, Weiss and Chermak (1998) noted, News media treat murders of African-Americans as being less important than murders of white victims. News selection decisions, and how events are presented to the public, are driven by what is considered extraordinary. The results indicate that race plays an important role in the decision making processes of news personnel. Murders involving African-Americ ans, in general, are considered ordinary. (p. 82) The fact that local news stations rarely feature stories involving Blacks as the victim indicates a lack of empathy among the viewing audience (Pritchard Hughes, 1997). Therefore the viewing audience is unable to understand Blacks as being victims versus being assailants (Bjornstrom et al., 2010; Eschholz et al., 2003). By focusing heavily on crime stories, news outlets effectively construct a subjective reality that makes the viewing audience believe that crime is more common than it actually is (Callahan, 2012; Eschholz et al., 2003; Gerbner, Morgan, Signorielli, 1982). It sustains that crime is simply the cultural norm in urban areas including the deaths of children or minors as a part of that norm (Levine et al., 2012; Miller, 2010; Weiss Chermak, 1998). As a result, the deaths of children or minors are viewed as nothing new. So those who live outside of such areas think the issue is something from which they are not part of, and therefore, not something for which they should be concerned. In conclusion, the historical and ongoing portrayal of Blacks in the media has maintained the negative stereotypes of Blacks as part of a culture that is vi olent and aggressive. The media has set upheld a depiction of Blacks as criminally inclined. Consequently, the rate at which children and minors within the inner city lose their lives to gun violence is generalized as manifestations of a norm among low-income Blacks. Efforts to resolve gun violence have been the responsibility of people within those communities suffering from gun violence. As a result, the numbers of Black minors who lose their lives, often on school grounds, go unnoticed.

Essay on Lebanon and its main problems - 1800 Words

Lebanon Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country that is delimitated to the west by the Mediterranean and to the east by the Syro-African Depression. Lebanon borders Syria to the north and to the east, and Israel in the south. Lebanon’s climate is â€Å"Mediterranean†; mild to cool, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. Some of Lebanon’s natural resources are the limestone, salt, water and iron ore. Like any other country there are natural hazards such as dust storms and sandstorms. [ Population pressures: growth, urbanization, immigration. Lebanon’s population consists of 3, 777, 218 (this data is from July, 2004) Age structure:nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;~ 0-14 years: 26.9% (male 517,356; female 496,888) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;†¦show more content†¦Due to civil war, Lebanon’s economy was highly affected, for instance central government institutions disintegrated. Therefore the estate was handicapped, and accumulated several debts, for example by 2001 Lebanon had reached $28 billion, or nearly 150% of GDP. As a matter of fact, economic performance was sluggish in 2000 and 2001 and there was no growth in 2000. Lebanon’s current program of reforms focuses on three main aspects: -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Economic restoration and â€Å"sustainable growth† -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Fiscal consolidation and structural improvement in public sector finances -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Monetary, financial, and price stability† The Lebanese pound is firmly pegged to the American dollar since September 1999. Furthermore Lebanese currency has â€Å"undetermined competitiveness, with merchandise exports falling from 23% of GDP in 1989 to 4% in 2000†. In 2002, the Lebanese government increased gasoline taxes, reduced expenditures, and approved a â€Å"value-added-tax†; all of these became effective in February 2002. In Lebanon is it hard to finance the government because of the slow money growth and dollarization, which results in a burden to the ‘Central Bank’. Some of the measurements that the government has put primary emphasis on privatization are: the telecom sector and electricity, Beirut port, and water utilities. Lebanon’s is U.S’ fourth largest source of imported goods; the U.S has more thanShow MoreRelatedFeasibility Study Of Implementing A 3d Express Coach Straddling Bus Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesbus† in Lebanon. The primary aim of this proposal is to request authorization to write a feasibility report concerning the implementation of straddling buses in Lebanon. According to the head of the future Block MP committee Mohammad Qabbani, many plans and alternatives were investigated in order to improve public transportation in Beirut but this was made very difficult due to Beirut great traffic jam (The Daily Star, 2016). In the past years the use of public transportation in Lebanon has decreasedRead MoreWhat Is The United Nations Strategic Framework1548 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the UNSF in Lebanon 2017- 2020 Introduction Today 23 UN agencies are in Lebanon which they have different activities in different areas. Almost 10000 peacekeepers and 2500 civilian staff work on Lebanon. United Nations Strategic Framework (UNSF) is a joint framework between UN and Lebanon government to make the aids and UN activities more efficient. The UNSF present key shared objectives to support the government and people of Lebanon from 2017-2020. The UNSF mission is; a secure, stableRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Between Civilizational Blocks, Muslim And Muslims1141 Words   |  5 Pagesoccur between civilizations as shown above, but also within civilizational blocks - or even within religious groups -. Before going further into Lebanon’s and Bangladesh’s history, a brief review of Islam must be done. Muslims are split into two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The origin of this division was a dispute right after the death of the Islam’s founder, Prophet Muhammad, in 932. The subject of the dispute is â€Å"Who should lead the Muslim community?†. In the whole world there is a broadRead MoreIsrael s Invasion Of Lebanon1631 Words   |  7 PagesIsrael’s 1982 invasion into Lebanon brought down the phase of Lebanon’s political history, which started with the 75-56 war. The civil war made a mark of trends that has been rising since 1958. The civil war of 1975-96 had the Lebanese front against the Lebanese’s national movement, which were a reformist coalition and the Palestinian allies. The heart of the issue in this war was the change in political circumstances in Lebanon. The political aspect and the economy were run by French mandatesRead MoreThe Family As A Social Institution1569 Words   |  7 Pages201 March 23, 2017 Families in Lebanon Families vary from time to time and from one culture to the next. However, the family as a social institution exists in all cultures. In general, a family can be defined as any group of people who live together and are emotionally bonded, related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Furthermore, there are many variations in the family from one generation to the other, and this is what happened in Lebanon. Lebanon consisted of clans and tribes whereRead MorePolitical, Social And Economic Conditions Of Lebanon Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagescountry analysis report, the current political, social and economic conditions of Lebanon have been shaped by historical events that will be discussed. The paper will elaborate the historical factors and events from the last century. As well as the current situation will also be presented in this paper. The main argument of the paper will focus on the factors from history are impacting the current situation of Lebanon. Lebanon had a horrific h istory under the Ottoman rule and from that time the countryRead MoreThe War Over Territory On The Southern Border1567 Words   |  7 Pageshas the ability to be used to analyze a certain place or country. One country that’s currently dealing with a significant amount of issues, is Lebanon. Many of the social factors looked at as a source of happiness, are either missing or being threatened by radical groups within the country. War over territory on the southern border has been a consistent problem within the country for decades, leading to a significant amount of destruction and tension between the Lebanese and their neighbors. Not toRead MoreRapid Growth Of The Real Estate Sector1686 Words   |  7 Pages In the past fourteen years Lebanon have witnessed a rapid growth in the real estate sector, which raised the prices of the apartments by 560% from the year 2000 till year 2010 which recorded a peak in the prices in this sector, to stabilize on this prices till recent tim e. A slight decrease in this prices was registered in year 2006 because of the Israeli aggression , and in the year 2008 due to 7th of may incidence , but after each incidence causes a decrease in prices a remarkable increase isRead MoreSyrian Refugees During The Syrian Civil War1573 Words   |  7 PagesSyrian Refugees in Lebanon This is the story of Dania, a ten year old Syrian refugee now living in Lebanon. She can still recall hours spent huddling in a hole in the ground that her father had dug for the family in times of artillery attack, as they crouched in the dirt covering their heads. She could hear the boom of cars exploding, as buildings and stores crumbled to the ground. Ever since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War three years ago, her life has not been the same. Her small school hasRead MoreProposal of Marianila Hair Products1370 Words   |  6 PagesMariaNila hair cosmetics by LaPerle 2. Objectives of the project: The objective of this project is to: a. Due to its growing popularity in the Scandinavian countries LaPerle is looking to expand globally. Paul Katra is the sole agent in Lebanon since he already works with this brand in the field of hair straightening and perm but not as retail. b. MariaNila is investing a lot in new research and development to expand its product mix and increase profit by customizing products to tailor

An Evaluation on Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores free essay sample

An in-depth comparison of two corporations: Target and Wal-Mart. This paper examines the large store discount general merchandise market through the comparison of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores. The paper is packed with facts and statistic on the corporations investments, bank loans and markets. The papers author asks the question of which company is best to invest in and who is the better employer. This paper is written in outline format with a clear and direct method of presenting information. Table of Contents The Large-Store Discount General Merchandise Market Investment Decisions Lending Decisions Employer Overview Of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc Investment Decisions Employment Appendix Bibliography Outline 1. The companies being analyzed are Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. They are general merchandise retailers. They compete in the large-store general merchandise market, especially in the discount store segment and the US geographic market. 1.1. Target Corporations Store Brands in multiple formats are Target, Super Target, Mervyns, Marshall Fields, Target Direct and Target Visa. We will write a custom essay sample on An Evaluation on Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Target operates 1409 stores in 47 states in the United States and is currently the No.3 discount retailer in the US market. 1.2. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has several Store Brands: Wal-Mart currently operates 2295 Wal-Mart Discount Stores; 1521 Supercenters; 564 Sams Clubs and 34 Neighbourhood Markets in 9 countries outside the US Argentina; Brazil; Canada; China; Germany; South Korea; Mexico; Puerto Rico; United Kingdom. Wal-Mart is today the worlds largest retailer (and company measured by revenue) and occupies the No.1 position in the US General Merchandise Retail Market.

Marketing Orientation free essay sample

There have been many studies of the term ‘marketing orientation’, and its presence within organisations. Marketing orientation is an approach that companies take which centres its activities towards achieving customer satisfaction through effective marketing. It is where customers form the basis of an organisations performance and overall success. In order to achieve successful marketing orientation, a company must organise an effective structure through planning its activities, products and services successfully. This will help the company on focusing its aims and objectives on the needs and requirements of its customers, in order to establish a relationship that will increase performance and success. ‘Market orientation is the organisation wide development of market intelligence pertaining to customer needs. ’ (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990. p12) Two approaches to marketing Orientation have been suggested by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), focusing on the practices and culture that the company adopts. It has been interpreted by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999) that marketing orientation is either ‘a company attitude or company behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Orientation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is whether a company is customer orientated or focuses on a competitive advantage through marketing orientation. Other authors have similiar thoughts upon these approaches to marketing orientation. Drucker (1954) believes that customers perceive marketing as an ‘activity involving the entire organisation’, rather than being a specific company process. The author’s view coincides with the work of Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), as he focuses on the attitude organisations have in satisfying customer needs. The other side to this approach is the significance of a company’s culture towards marketing orientated activities. Felton (1959) states; ‘It is the attitudes and beliefs of a workforce that control the level of orientated activities a company strives to achieve,’ implying the focus is on themselves competing rather than putting the customer first. Trout and Ries (1985) perceive marketing orientation as an effort by companies to increase competitor advantage, rather than satisfy customer needs. Therefore the company’s culture is focusing its strategy on competitor orientation in order to achieve success. An organisations performance is a very important aspect of successful marketing orientation. Narver and Slater (1990) state that marketing orientation is based on 3 performance measures, which include ‘customer and competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination. ’ Introducing effective performance measures can have positive influences on companies, as it helps the company’s culture set aims and objectives for a successful approach to marketing orientation. Jobber (2007) also describes the importance of these measures, stating; ‘A marketing concept culture that manifests in corporate activities to create superior value for customers. However, specific marketing activities relating to the behaviour of a company have ‘emphasis on managerial control rather than the natural culture of the organisation’ (Ellis, 2004), which relates to the work of Trout and Ries (1985) and their beliefs of company’s influencing the importance of competitor orientation over the satisfaction of their customers. Sharp (1991) argues the approach to marketing orientation as described by Drucker (1954), saying that it’s more than just about customer focus; Market orientation has a principle element of focusing on available markets and customer needs. Sharp criticises this view of orientation, as costs of maintaining customer focus will incur in unstable markets, affecting a companies orientation plan. In order to balance this procedure, a company needs equal focus in its approach to marketing orientation, which will help achieve success and efficiency. The link between organisational strategic thinking (Sharp, 1991) and managerial control (Ellis, 2004) helps towards a successful company through competitor orientation. Ellis states that effective performances increase through analysing competitor actions, in order to create a competitor advantage. However, company’s still need to be responsive to customer needs due to volatile markets. Overall increases of a company’s orientation, resulting from effective customer satisfaction, will then lead to greater performances (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990). The relationship between performance and marketing orientation is analysed negatively to strategic marketing. Sin (2005) considers the ‘external environmental aspects’ of marketing orientation, emphasising the importance of linking performance and marketing orientation in order to meet the needs of customers. Sin believes that if companies developed their approaches towards linking these two factors, a more in depth examination of customers needs could be undertaken, which would lead to higher performances within the company. Sin agrees with Sharp’s views, by describing the inclusion of customer needs as well as company aims and objectives. A strategic way of thinking is described by Sharp, where marketing orientation is described as being the most relevant, as it focuses on company, and not just market characteristics. The analyses of various journal articles relating to marketing orientation has led me to understand the different issues relating to marketing orientation. I agree with Kohli and Jaworski (1990) that a company should balance its orientation between customer focus and its aims and objectives, for effective performances. The authors were very clear and focused on what strategies were effective in approaching marketing orientation. I felt that this analysis helped me understand the best method of adopting marketing orientation and how to effectively respond to customer demands, as well as creating a competitive advantage. Limitations to the analysis were discussions from Felton (1959) and Trout and Ries (1995). The views of these authors concentrated on companies who adopted marketing orientation to create a competitive advantage as its main priority. The context of this article focused totally on businesses success and shadowed the importance of customer orientation, something which I feel is crucial for overall success.

7 Last Minute Essay Writing Tips to Have More Free Hours

Is the last minute left till the submission of an essay? This may sound familiar to most students. They lack sleep for days because the deadlines are approaching. You may say, Everything is alright. Im a student after all. Wait! No, its not normal to have red eyes! If youre a student, that doesnt mean you shouldnt have a life full of beans. Agree? Keep in mind that when students sleep less than it is recommended, they get less active during the day. A student needs enough sleep to meet up the demanding cognitive tasks and other academic requirements. The rule to sleep at least 7-8 hours is justified on grounds of 9 surprising reasons you can get familiar right now. In most cases, it turns out that a high-quality sleep is cut short by the need to stay up late at night. This time may be completely devoted to writing an essay before the deadline passes. Read further to learn how to write a good last-minute essay without sacrificing your free time. What Makes Students Hurry with Essay Writing? If you are used to working late at night, you should know how much it will cost you errors, anxiety, tiredness, stress, depression, etc. All that have a direct influence on your academic performance and mental health. In what way? Read more about hurry sickness existing today. Most students complain of feelings of sickness because of different reasons (from justifiable to not really explicable ones): Work. Some students work while studying at college or universities. Even if you are studying at high school, you may work as well. There are 25 jobs available for high school students. Most jobs are so demanding that much time and energy are required from students. Much more efforts are necessary to combine work and studies. Indeed, students have to work to cater to their needs at school. However, to meet the deadline, students stay up late at night to write an essay, research paper or complete any other project. Such an academic routine is very tedious and deprives a student of a quality sleep needed at the school and workplace. Procrastination. Some students wait until the last minute to start writing college essays without working somewhere or being engaged in some extracurricular activities. They dont simply want to do a particular task considering it as irrelevant or unimportant to them. Besides, a student may procrastinate because of the deadline pressure that he/she may face in numerous assignments. The lack of incentive to start an essay early, the lack of clear assignment instructions as well as the writing skills shortage lead to the unwillingness to do anything. Have the habit to procrastinate too? Remember, your academic progress will go down. The absence of resources. When a student is unable to find the relevant resources to write an essay on, they are likelier to prolong writing it. The unavailability of resources can put off the interest in writing an essay. The inability to find a resource could be linked to the lack of understanding of an essay topic by a student. This makes a student procrastinate with writing an essay until the last minute. But still, every essay given by your instructor must be written if you want to make academic progress. The low cognitive abilities and skills. Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills that determine how we learn, remember, solve problems, and pay attention. So if you are always in a hurry, check if your cognitive functions serve you well. Keep in mind all the skills can be boosted if you take enough efforts to the regular development and practice. 3 Effects of Hurrying and Sleeping Less at Night All these points probably make you rush into last-minute essay writing now. As a rule, the quick writing process isnt always effective for your academic performance. Remember what consequences are possible when you are in a hurry and sleep less than it is needed? âÅ"…The increase in stress level. During the day, the activities undertaken by a student all lead to the buildup of the stress levels. Cortisol, the hormone stress, increases during the day and declines during the night especially when adequate sleep is given to the body according to the research. Sleep deprivation can lead to the continual buildup of the stress level, which eventually leads to cardiovascular diseases, the decline in the cognitive function, tiredness, and other side effects. On the long run, this may affect the overall academic performance of every student who does something more quickly than usual. It happens, for example, because you are late or you must finish something soon. âÅ"…Underachievement. Want to show the fullest potential but fail every time? It may occur just because you do not have much time and need to hurry, for example, to write an essay in the last minute. As the result, you may make more mistakes than you would do if an effective time management schedule were at hand. Incorporating some advances in technology into your everyday curriculum is one possible way of increasing the level of motivation to learn and achieve greater results. âÅ"…Poor health. While sleeping, the immune system produces infection-fighting substances. This supports the activities of the immune system to keep the activities of foreign substances at bay. Sleep deprivation hinders your body from producing these infection-fighting diseases. This increases the students risk of being exposed to chronic diseases that will prevent them from writing their essay and achieving academic excellence. What Is the Effective Last Minute Essay Writing? Follow Our 7 Tips! Starting to write an essay early will leave you more time to sleep at night or take part in interesting events in your college. However, if you often experience the situation when an essay must be written at the last minute, follow some last-minute essay tips to successfully complete it on time: ⠝ ¶ Switch Off All Possible Distractions While writing an essay, any distraction is likely to set in Facebook notifications, likes on Instagram, calls from the best friends, and so on. To write a last-minute essay demands much more focus than if you wrote it during the whole week. Getting distracted while writing an essay can result in a poorly-written essay with many mistakes in spelling, grammar, etc. The rules of grammar in English arent the easiest to follow. For that reason, you can read the article on The Guardian 10 Grammar Rules You Can Forget: How to Stop Worrying and Write Proper. Want to write without getting your attention drifted away, turn off the TV, the smartphone as well as block all the social networking sites. Then, start writing as your chances to write a captivating, high-quality and A-worthy essay are higher than ever before. ⠝ · Read the Assignment Carefully When an educator assigns you with a particular essay, read the assignment thoroughly. You will not do well if you write something that is different from what you are asked to do. For example, if the assignment sounds as analyze and you provide a summary, this will not bode well for you. A student gets good marks if they follow all the instructions given to them. Therefore, you should adhere to the essay instructions and work accordingly. Given a task to write a 1500-word essay. Stick to this requirement write not less than 1300 words and no more than 1700! ⠝ ¸ Set a Fixed Time to Write an Essay as Required After you know what scope of work you need to deal with, you should budget time effectively for your progress. Remember, you dont have a good deal of time just several hours to write an essay successfully. First of all, set a fixed amount of time to pre-write, write, and post-write the essay. This step-by-step way of writing an essay within specific timeframes enables you to avoid procrastinating any important essay writing stage. For example, you are determined to write an essay on Monday. Allocate enough time for it. Think 2 hours is enough to brainstorm the main ideas for an essay, structure and edit it? Find an additional hour to do everything in your essay as required. Dont forget about 3 finishing touches: ⠝ ¹ Research All Sources of Information Thoroughly No essay writing can be done at a satisfactory level without doing proper research. It arms you with the necessary information to write a well-researched essay. Before you start writing an essay, you should understand the topic and its peculiarities. How to do it? Just look through all the resources available to you to gather the required information about a particular issue. It is better to construct your ideas using only reliable sources such as scholarly journal articles, credible research websites, and others. Where to find them better? 100 search engines for academic research are at your service. You can quicken the search process by pointing out the keywords of your topic. Be sure that youll be provided with what you are looking for. ⠝ º Outline an Essay in Advance A well-developed outline of your essay will guide you through the writing process faster than if you rushed into essay writing immediately. The writing process is simplified by structuring the essay into sections which can be expanded gradually. An essay should be structured in a way where there are the introduction, body, and conclusion. In its turn, the body is divided into 3 main parts containing some supporting evidence. Without an outline, you may end up writing a disorganized essay. An outlined essay allows you to detect areas that require working on. You will be able to add more detail to each part. An outline also gives you clarity on what to write about. This saves your time and energy to brainstorm ideas of what to put on paper. ⠝ » Dont Neglect Drafts When an outline of your essay is prepared, it means that you can develop all ideas to the fullest extent. Dont overestimate your ability to write an essay promptly upon receiving a topic. Even an experienced writer works on as many drafts as possible before saying, Ive finished writing my book! Youre recommended to deal with at least a draft where you could remove or add some points. It can be refined and better presented in a final copy. It isnt of little value to get all the essay ideas out of your head and down on paper as it should be done. If you hesitate to draft your essay, read a guide on what a rough draft is, why it is important, and how to compose it successfully. ⠝ ¼ Proofread and Edit Your Essay Accordingly While writing an essay, there is a tendency among students to make different mistakes from spelling to formatting. The errors will earn you low scores. Want this turn of events? Revise the essay to detect some grammar, spelling errors, and typos. Look at 20 worst typos, grammar errors and spelling mistakes. Ensure that the structure of your essay follows the academic standards. It is better to take enough time to write an essay than submit a poorly-written piece. Take care to see that there are no plagiarized words. Plagiarized content isnt appropriate in the academic field. Edit all the borrowed information according to the formatting style be it APA, MLA, Harvard or Chicago. Dont ruin your reputation! After reading this guide, moreover, after following all the last-minute essay writing steps, you are close to great results. Stop worrying that too little time is left to write an essay! Even if you arent able to follow all these tips, there is one more way to finish all your essays on time a custom essay writing service like ours. All that is required from you is to place an order, specify the paper requirements, and you will get a well-written essay in no time. The essay will be 100% tailored to your instruction, and you will have time to sleep.

Cómo notificar a USCIS el cambio de dirección

Cà ³mo notificar a USCIS el cambio de direccià ³n El deber de notificar todos los cambios de direccià ³n al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) afecta prcticamente a todos los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se explica quià ©nes estn obligados a notificar el cambio de domicilio, cà ³mo se hace y cules son las consecuencias si se incumple con esa obligacià ³n. Finalmente, se explica cà ³mo notificar cambio de direccià ³n a una corte migratoria cuando se tiene un asunto pendiente. Extranjeros obligados a notificar cambio de direccin a USCIS La obligacià ³n de notificar el cambio de direccià ³n en el plazo de 10 dà ­as a contar desde que se hizo la mudanza aplica a todos los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos excepto: Diplomticos con  visa ARepresentantes en organizaciones internaciones como la ONU o la OEA con  visa GTuristas que ingresaron sin visa por un tiempo no superior a los 30 dà ­as Adems, y por razones evidentes, los migrantes indocumentados que NO tienen ningà ºn asunto pendiente con USCIS no estn obligados ni deben notificar sus domicilios o mudanzas. Cmo se notifica el cambio de direccina USCIS La notificacià ³n de cambio de domicilio sigue tres reglas distintas segà ºn las caracterà ­sticas migratorias del extranjero. En primer lugar, las personas que tengan pendiente o recientemente aprobada una de las peticiones siguientes: Peticià ³n  I-360 para VAWA, viudos, inmigrantes especiales o amerasiticosPeticià ³n  I-914 para la visa T de và ­ctimas de trfico humanoPeticià ³n  I-918 para la visa U de và ­ctimas de violenciaPeticià ³n  I-765V para permiso de trabajo de cà ³nyuge abusado de no inmigrantePeticià ³n I-485 para ajuste de estatus SOLO caso de cà ³nyuge abusado en aplicacià ³n de Ley de Ajuste  Cubano. En todos esos casos mencionados, el extranjero debe llenar el formulario de papel AR-11 y enviarlo a: USCISVermont Service Center75 Lower Welden  StreetSt. Albans, VT 05479-0001 En segundo lugar, los extranjeros con casos pendientes que no estn incluidos en el apartado anterior deben notificar a USCIS el cambio de domicilio y tambià ©n al centro local que està © tramitando su peticià ³n. Puede hacerse de dos maneras: Enviando a USCIS formulario de papel AR-11 y marcando al  1-800-375-5283. Son imprescindibles los dos pasos.Notificando online el cambio de direccià ³n. En este caso, solo es necesario un paso porque al acabar de llenar el formulario se puede elegir la opcià ³n de continuar para notificar al centro que est tramitando la peticià ³n pendiente. En tercer lugar, todos los extranjeros que no tienen ninguna peticià ³n pendiente con USCIS pueden notificar el cambio de domicilio online o por correo ordinario empleando la planilla AR-11, cualquier forma es vlida pero solo se debe utilizar una. En el caso de estar presente en Estados Unidos con una visa de estudiante internacional tipo F-1 o una visa de intercambio J-1 - o la J-2 de dependientes- la notificacià ³n del cambio de direccià ³n  puede hacerse contactando con la oficina que lleva asuntos de visas en la institucià ³n que la solicità ³, generalmente es la Office of International Affairs, pero puede ser otra dependiendo de la institucià ³n. El cambio se harà ­a modificando los datos en el Sistema de Informacià ³n de Estudiantes y Visitantes de Intercambio  (SEVIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). La obligacià ³n debe cumplirse cada vez que el extranjero se mude. Cul es la penalidad por no notificar a USCIS el cambio de direccin? La ley dice que no cumplir con esa obligacià ³n es una falta (misdemeanor, en inglà ©s) que puede ser castigada con una multa de $200 y un mximo de 30 dà ­as en prisià ³n. Adems, es decisià ³n del USCIS si decide deportar a quien no ha cumplido con esta obligacià ³n. Para esto à ºltimo, y en el caso de los residentes permanentes legales, el USCIS tendrà ­a que poder demostrar que no se notificà ³ el cambio de domicilio de forma intencional y sin excusa. 2 consejos sobre cambio de direccin En primer lugar, si se est en Estados Unidos con una visa o se tiene una peticià ³n migratoria pendiente, es altamente recomendable guardar una copia de todos los avisos de cambio de domicilio que se le hacen a USCIS. Si se hace online en la pgina de USCIS se pueden guardar pantallazos de todas las pginas cuando se est cubriendo el formulario.   En segundo lugar, si se est esperando la tarjeta de residencia, si es posible, trate de no mudarse hasta que tenga en mano la green card. El USCIS la envà ­a por correo y si llega a la direccià ³n antigua para recuperarla ser necesario llenar el formulario I-90 de reemplazo de tarjeta. Adems, si el Servicio de Correos no se la devuelve a USCIS ser necesario no solo llenar el formulario   I-90, sino que tambià ©n habr que pagar de nuevo la tarifa de $455, segà ºn las tasas actuales, ms $85 por la toma de datos biomà ©tricos. Cambio de direccincon Corte Migratoria Diferente a la obligacià ³n de notificar al USCIS es la de notificar a la Corte Migratoria y que afecta solo a los extranjeros en Estados Unidos que tienen un procedimiento pendiente ante Corte o ante el Tribunal de Apelaciones Migratorias (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este caso tiene  la obligacià ³n de notificar en un plazo de cinco dà ­as no solo el cambio de domicilio, sino tambià ©n el de nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Solo se admite realizar la notificacià ³n en un documento oficial de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Revisià ³n Migratoria (EOIR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Una vez que se completan los datos, debe doblarlo y sellarlo siguiendo las instrucciones, ponerle un sello y enviarlo. Esta planilla se convierte en un sobre e incluye la direccià ³n del destinatario. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Production Scheduling and Control Research Paper - 1

Production Scheduling and Control - Research Paper Example Batching was done by having customers waiting in queue sit at the bar until a table is freed. Then, these customers are led inside in batches of eight (8). Thus, there were several occasions when complete strangers would be seated in one table but very few instances when a table seats less than it can fully accommodate. This queer but very revolutionary idea did what it was supposed to do --- maximize throughput. Throughput is another simple yet very underutilized factor in running a business. In simple words, throughput â€Å"is a sales-building concept measured by sales per hour† (Florence, 2008). Maximized throughput leads to maximized sales which consequently leads to maximized profits. The simulation that was used showed how efficient and effective batching is especially during the peak hours because it was able to significantly reduce the presence of variability in the business operations. Variability is the main culprit in not achieving full utilization of a restaurant’s capacity and thus not maximizing throughput (Ernst and Schmidt, 2005). Batching removes variability by making sure that a table is fully maximized because it seats the exact number which it is supposed to, not leaving an empty seat and thus not wasting capacity. The graph that was provided in the website clearly shows that with batching, more people are seated and the number of those waiting in queue or at the bar is reduced. Also, because customers are seated much faster, fewer customers are lost with batching than without. This great idea translates to the ultimate goal of any business --- achieve maximum profitability of the operations. Batching does that exactly. Because more people are seated, more people are served and that translates to profit. Because people do not wait too long in queue, they are more satisfied and that also translates to profit. In fact, figures from the simulation activity show that while batching created a profit of

Basis of Emelio and Charitas Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Basis of Emelio and Charitas Assets - Essay Example Since the car is used for business use as well as personal use, its adjusted basis of $21,000 (19,500+1,500) is allocated to business purpose based on the extent of use for the same. Therefore the basis would be $14,280 [21000x6800/(6800+3200)]. The basis of the property received by Charita from her former spouse as part of divorce settlement would be same as former spouse's basis in it. Former spouse's basis in the property was lower of the following amounts: Since the alternate valuation is elected and the stock is distributed to Charita within 6 months after her uncle's death, Charita's basis in the stock would be FMV of the stock on date of distribution, which is $14,500. If alternate valuation was not elected by the executor, the basis would have been FMV on date of her uncle's death - $14,000. If alternate valuation was elected, but the date of distribution was not within 6 months of death, then the basis would be FMV on alternate valuation date - $13,300. .. FMV of the property on the date of its conversion to rental property - $90,000 Adjusted basis on the date of conversion - $50,000 Therefore, the basis of the property is $50,000. h. Desmond Inc Stocks Inherited Since the alternate valuation is elected and the stock is distributed to Charita within 6 months after her uncle's death, Charita's basis in the stock would be FMV of the stock on date of distribution, which is $14,500. If alternate valuation was not elected by the executor, the basis would have been FMV on date of her uncle's death - $14,000. If alternate valuation was elected, but the date of distribution was not within 6 months of death, then the basis would be FMV on alternate valuation date - $13,300. i. Stock in Software Corporation The basis of the original stock is $20,100 (price paid for the stock $20,000+brokerage $100). The basis of stocks after the split would be its FMV on date of split, which is $200,000 [(1000x2)x$100]. j. Shares gifted by Emelio's father The basis of any shares received as gift would be as follows: Gain basis - Adjusted basis of donor + Gift tax paid on appreciation = $3,500 (100x$35) Loss basis - Lower of Gain basis and FMV on date of gift = $3,500 (Lower of $3,500 and $4,500) If Gift tax was paid on the appreciation, the basis would have to be computed using the following formula: Adjusted basis of the donor + [Gift tax X (FMV - Adjusted basis)/(FMV -

The Cuban political system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cuban political system - Essay Example Cuba, a Spanish colony holds very interesting political system; a country that got independence in 1898 has suffered in early years after independence a series of dictatorships. One of the notable dictators was Fulgencio Batista, he ruled with an iron fist that saw over whelming human rights abuses and opposition seriously surpressed.The totalitarianism sparked in 1959 revolution that marked the end of the unjust rule. After the impeachment of the imperial system, Cuba has defined their own system of democracy and provided the democratic space in the political arena; Cuba has endeavored to establish an election system in which direct elections is applied in National assembly, Municipal and the National assembly which resent the parliament. Contrary to many people’s beliefs, Cuba has liberalized the democratic nature of the candidate’s nominations; the candidates need not to be a member of the Communist party but can be from any party nominated at the primary level, though no political party is allowed to through its support to any particular candidate communist included. The people’s participation in political matters is strong, adults of 16 years and above with convicted persons excluded are allowed to vote, and those outside the contra are also permitted by law to vote this was viewed to expand the number eligible for voting. Abstaining to vote in Cuba is no offence, and with regard to that, the government appeals to those not wishing to destroy their Ballot papers. The presidential elections in Cuba is done by the National Assembly, the National Assembly elects 41 board members of which the president is amongst them (Erlich). In pluralism no other political parties are allowed in Cuba, all those who want to contest for political posts have only one choice of party, the Communist. This should not be misconstrued for dictatorship but as a strategy to contain the looming American involvement and supporting a party that would defy communism; the American interest is the capitalism. Political and economic development Though Cuba has been under the rule of Fidel Castro for nearly five decades, certain economic and political developments have been realized. For the period of 1900 to 1925 Cuba amalgamated its economy with the capitalist West, particularly the US. This was basically on sugar exportation, the US w as in control of a quarter of the cane plantation and other investment levels, and this cooperation was perceived to weakening the Cuban economy and was rescinded upon. 1934 to 1959 was a period in which America shown interest to control the political developments in Cuba in an indirect way, though highly reprimanded, it created raised the working class level; this was manifested in the 1953 population census that indicated the following; 818,000 people involved in agriculture, 327,000 workers in the manufacturing industries, 232,000 in the field of commerce, 395,000 in the service industry and additional 104,000 in the transport industry (Humbolldt). This statistics were disputed by analysts that the Cuban monoculture practice only spurred growth in the economy and did not realize economic development , its also accused of uneven development, that’s notwithstanding, in the late 1950s Cuba was ranked fourth Latin America countries richest country with indices such as workers percentage, literacy, electric power per capita and food consumption. In relation to the standard of living Cuba had a lead in reading newspapers, Telephones, TVs and cars per head. It also ranked third in doctors per head, food consumption and radio possession per head. The future of Cuba Cuba at the moment is in a precarious state over a leadership vacuum in the offing, the long serving undisputed Cuban president Fidel Castro is in his sunset days, the brother Raul Castro is temporarily in power and the ragging question is who will succeed Fidel?, who would control both the police and the army. The

Youth Subcultures And Its Influence On Youth Media Essay

Youth Subcultures And Its Influence On Youth Media Essay About: This report intends to analyze the complex relationship between media and youth subculture and argues that subcultures can reproduced and constructed through the media. It therefore, states that the national media should take responsibility in the discourses that are used to represent youth groups and youth subcultures as they impact on the activities of broader youth communities worldwide. The cultural universe of young people is a complex and dynamic one (White, 1999) and there has always been a tendency among youth researchers to investigate the significant social changes that are being revealed through the experiences of contemporary youth (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006). Some of the earliest sociological researches on youth can be linked to the emergence of new forms of consumptions and distinct youth cultures that began to rise in the late 1950s. The changes in youth at this era were highly visible through music and fashion the young populations were consuming. This was viewed both as a result of the increase time available for leisure and personal resources (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006) as well as an attempt to create some symbolic meaning for self (White, 1999). In times of high unemployment where youth were caught in between the ideology of spectacular consumption promoted by the mass media and the traditional ideology of capitalism and the meritocratic work led to a pro liferation of empirical studies across a wide range of diverse issues from homelessness to unemployment, youth crime to street gang violence that engages in research relevant to both empirical and theoretical matters in order to stretch the conceptual boundaries in the contemporary society (White, 1993). Youth subcultures can be viewed as a response to the interaction between these different areas. This response is seen by some as an identity seeking reaction between resistance to consumerism created by the production based Puritanism and the new hedonism of post war consumption (White, 1993). This paper looks into the contemporary youth subcultures and the media discourse used in the representation of these subcultures. It is argued that such negative representations of youth subcultures would result in the popularization and re enforcement of activities rather than limiting or controlling such deviant behaviors and thereby confirming the labeling of a demonized and at risk youth groups. Further, reports supports the idea that the media interventions in crime and social problem areas can lead to misplaced reactive political resources in mythic rather than real social problem areas resulting in amplified and exacerbated social problems generating moral panics (White, 1999). A culture can be defined as designs for living that constitute peoples way of life (Macionis Plummer, 2008:128). The five components of culture identified by Macionis and Plummer (2008: 130) include; symbols, language, values, norms and material culture. Culture has several, often contradictory meanings that carries ambiguity that can be traced in its different uses throughout history (Brake, 1985). While the classical perspective views culture as a standard of excellence (high culture), others view culture as a way of life which expresses certain meanings and values attached with a particular way of life known as the low culture'(Williams, 1961, p. 57). It is this conceptualisation of low culture that is central to the development of subcultures as an analytical concept (Brake, 1985). Subcultures can be defined as a cultural pattern that set apart some segment of a societys population (Macionis Plummer, 2008: 139) or a social group which is perceived to deviate from the normative ideals of adult communities (Thornton, 1995: 2). The earliest use of subcultural theories within sociology can be linked to its application as a subdivision of a national culture (Gordon, 1947). Culture in this context was viewed as learned behaviour with emphasis on the effects of socialisation within the cultural subgroups of a pluralist society (Brake, 1985). In most of the Western world, studies of youth subcultures have been dominated by a tradition associated with the 1970s work of the Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, England (Thornton, 1995). The Birmingham subcultural studies tend to banish media and commerce from their definition of authentic culture seen media and commerce as incorporating subcultures into the hegemony and effectively dismantling them (Hedbige, 1978). Chicago School sociologists on the other hand were concerned on researching empirical social groups by taking precedence over their elaboration of theory and were mainly focused on the shadier recesses of polite society (Thornton, 1995). This report will look at subcultures as cultures that are labelled directly or indirectly by the media with a problematic authenticity and as media and commerce integral to the authentication of its cultural practices. Supporting this, A.K. Cohen states that a major determinant of subcultures among th e youth as what people do depending upon the problems they contended with (Cohen, 1955, p.51). Cultural theorists argue that what it means to be young should be seen in the context of its cultural significance indicating that it is the context of cultural significance that makes been young so distinctive and not the structural focus of society (Alan, 2007). That is, the context the youth are exposed to and the issues that their exposures carry play a significant role in the construction of a youths culture. When understanding the conflicts surrounding young people and the way they use public space, the media plays a central role by constituting and shaping the principal form of the public sphere and by gathering and distributing important public information (Thompson, 1994 in Sercombe, 1999). One may argue that there is no certain measure of the direct effects of media coverage on the public. However, there are often negative and powerful cultural effects of media produced by the constant flow of its commercialized imaginary fictions and stereotypical coverages that socially construct a moral and narrative set of offerings upon which the youth attempt to build their identities on (White, 1993). Not only in building identities, the youth tend to use these social constructions by the media also as a measure for their achievements and personal worth by simply deriving an identity from a set of meanings drawn on the basis of media constructed stimulations instead of their local experiences (Baudrillard, 1983). It is important to note that the notion of identities are constructed across and by differences, and the social construction of youth identities though historically varied is tightly bound with the media representations made available at the time (White,1999). Therefore, we can argue that media is a critical component of the development and maintenance of the representation of young people which often feeds into the fears and negative attitude surrounding the presence of young people in public space as problematic or threatening (Sercombe, 1999). Moral panics in relation to youth, music and subculture are not uncommon in the news and other current media (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2008, pp. 124-145 in Journal of Media Culture). Most cities in Australia like many other cities around the world housed for a large number of subcultural activities ranging from skateboarders occupying the steps and benches in the Melbourne streets to Goths congregating the inner city suburbs (Gelder, 2007). It also has a number of drag night clubs, gay and lesbian bars, a remarkable graffiti subculture; in which Melbourne has been claimed as a stencil graffiti capital (Smallman Nyman, 2005). Australia has several times witnessed its teenage subcultures clash in the streets; like the Mods and Sharpies in August 1966 (Sparrow Sparrow, 2004: 73-77). Stan Cohens classic Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1980) and the centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Policing the Crisis (Hall et al. 1978) both indicate how mainstream media contributes to the public anxiety about youth subcultures and youth groups that are deemed to be deviant. Cohen, in his work looks at the development of conflict between mods and rockers, in a British seaside town, and particularly the escalation of conflict that arose as a result of the medias representation of these events. He argues that the media were responsible for amplifying the perception of deviance arising from a few of small-scale disturbances, which ultimately led to an escalated interventions from the police and judiciary, with the demonization and over-typification of young people involved in the mod or rocker styles. Similarly in Australia Cunneen et al. 1989, carried out a study on the disturbances at the Bathurst motorcycle races concluding that it was the over representation of the small di sturbances that led to the large scale conflicts and that the press concentrated on authority opinion while sensationalizing the material published (Cunneen et al., 1989). When analysing the literature published on the media representations of youth and youth subcultures it is evident that communications media create subcultures in the process of naming them and drawing boundaries around them in the act of describing them (Thonrton, 1995). The way media is inextricably involved in the meaning making and organization of youth subcultures will be discussed through the analysis of the representations of many recent incidents related to youth subcultures, particularly the ravers, Goths and Emo subcultures. The rave subculture emerged worldwide in the late 1980s as a musical subculture and was a phenomenon in the area that attempted to invert the traditional rock n roll authenticity by remixing and creating a cutting edge disk culture with a warehouse party format and was established in Chicago, Detroit and across Britain (Thornton, 1995:4). Soon groups of young people were clustered in sites conventionally aligned with musical performance to listen and dance to electronic dance music played by djs in Sydneys alternative rock scene Unlike other musical subcultures such as alternative rock scene where performances generally took place in formal environments such as pubs and clubs the raves in Australian cities began to use spaces such as old warehouses, factories and train stations for their activities (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Since the late 1980s rave culture worldwide has increased their members and was diversified and fragmented in many aspects becoming more contradictory with various s ubcultures emerging such as the Doofs, Drum and Bass and Happy hard core. Mean while controversies and public moral panics were starting to generate over the diverged more politicized illegal party culture that were shifting itself from the mainstream (Gibson Pagen, 2006). Associations were made between these part scenes and illegal drugs such as ecstasy by the media providing the basis for a moral panic. Ravres were described as new age hippies where their activities summed up to no sex, but drugs and rock roll (Benette, 1999). Dance parties in Sydney eventually became associated with tropes of youth deviance and illegality making the rave space in the public consciousness as a site beyond the domain of mainstream, and thereby causing strong reactions from the public and a need for increased control over their events (Gibson Pagen, 2006). A major shift in the perception of the public of youth subcultures could be related to the ecstasy related death of teenager Anna Woods from Sy dney at an Apache party in 1995. Her death was magnified within the media creating an unprecedented wave of media attention and public panic. With headlines such as Ecstasy agony and Ecstasy secret world running on the front pages for nearly two weeks, dramatically altering not only the rave culture but the perception of youth subcultures as a whole (See Sydney Herald Sun, 4/3/2007). The initial response of sympathy by the public to the incident soon turned into fear and anger that progressed from tension and social anxiety to a full blown social and political crisis (McRobbie, 1994) with scapegoating not only the ravers but creating fear against many youth subcultures (see Daily Telegraph, 27/3/2007:73). The death of Anna was interpreted as a symptom of the malaise affecting many young Australians (Daily Telegraph, 5/11/1995:8), with the NSW state government taking actions to close down clubs and bars which have promoted drugs in parties (Gibson Pagen, 2006). For a few months in 2007, the dangers of emo and computer use were significant themes in Australian newspaper coverages (Phillipoy, 2009). Emo is an abbreviation of the terms emocore and emotional hardcore which is a musical subgenre of punk rock music, characterised by emotional or personal themes. They adopt a look that includes black stovepipe jeans, dyed black hair and side-parted long fringes, which might merely have been one of the many tribes (Bennett, 1999) that characterise this contemporary youth culture(Phillipoy, 2009). Following the deaths of Melbourne teenagers, Jodie Gater, Stephanie Gestier and Carly Ryan in 2007, over an approximately five months period the media portrayed the two separate incidents linking the suicide and the murder to the emo subculture and to the social networking site MySpace, presenting both as dangerous and worrying developments in contemporary youth culture (Phillipoy, 2009). These media discourses surrounding the deaths included many features of moral panic uncluding a build-up of concern disproportionate to real risk of harm (see Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002, pp.33-41). While the emo youth were viewed as straightforward folk devil (Cohen, 1972) or the enemy, the problem of emo was also framed as a product of much broader problems of youth culture (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002). The connections between emo and the deaths of these young girls were tenuously published over the mass media and was seen as symptomatic of what John Hartley (1998) describes in the context of reporting o n young people more generally as a profound uncertainty in the textual system of journalism about where the line that defines the boundary of the social should be drawn by the broader groups of non-subculturaly affiliated youth. The result of this according to Phillipoy, is a cultural thinking out loud (Hartley, 1998) where broader cultural anxiety are expressed and explored that can be described as anxiety about disclosure. The newspaper coverages on the deaths focused on the dangers of young peoples disclosures that made them inaccessible to adult authority that otherwise could have prevented the tragedies. Though some of these concerns were connected to the specificities of emo subcultural expression, with excessive emotions on display and the enigma associated with subcultural imagery respectively, they were on the whole linked to a broader problem in contemporary youth culture that was seen to apply to all young people, irrespective of any subcultural affiliation. The expressio ns of anxieties that the private lives of young people were becoming increasingly unknowable to adult authorities, and, hence, that youth culture itself was increasingly unknowable were popular statements made by the media (Phillipoy, 2006). Reportings such as bizarre teenage goth and emo world world constructed both as dangerous (in the sense that her apparent involvement in subcultural activities was presented as disturbing and something that put her at risk of harm) and impenetrable (in the sense that subcultural imagery was understood not simply as harmful but also as bizarre). In conclusion, the representations of young people in the media directly or indirectly depend on the interest of the newspapers and the discourse of its source. Language used by these media allows painting young people in different colors (Sercombe, 1999) and as youth subcultures are prime fare for the news media as in terms of news value they are both exotic and familiar (White, 1993) media and youth subcultures have a complex and symbolic relationship where young people are devoted consumers and producers of media and engage with media in the approval and adaptation of subcultural forms for their own context. Therefore, many of the subcultures can be argued to be reproduced and constructed through the media (White, 1999). The mainstream media however tend to represent youth subcultures mythologically as they often attempts to represent not the real world but the world that suits the advertisers, owners and the government. This leads to the constant stereotyping, reinforcing and exa ggerating issues, particularly in relation to the youth (White, 1993). Youth was portrayed within the media as the mindless hedonism of lost youth and were categorized as a careless generation that was only concerned with seeking pleasure and satisfaction from personal risk taking and drug use (Brown, 2005 in Allan 2007). By constructing notions of deviance and illegality, commercial media not only position youth and youth subcultures but are implicated in defining authentic underground activities that further strengthen subcultural practices that are deemed deviant (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Therefore, it is clear that media have been and is today, a major influence in fuelling and reinforcing perceptions of problem youth. Subcultures are constructed and stereotyped by the media as deviant and the media representations linked to the issues around subcultures have created an image of uncaring, hedonistic and self centered youth (Alan, 2007). Hence, this report suggest that the media is directly or indirectly responsibility for the fuelling and reinforcing of such deviant activities that they have constructed aligned to youth subcultures and that youth subcultures are a social construction mainly influenced by the national mass media. Therefore, the national media, particularly newspapers as the most commo nly used news media has a responsibility in the a discourses that are used to represent youth groups and youth subcultures as it carries an impact on the broader youth communities worldwide.

Knowing Me for Me :: Personal Narratives California Essays

Knowing Me for Me Who a person is can be shaped by many different things. Understanding how a person came to be who they are is important to grasping their inner-most uniqueness. People, places, and even events can shape a person. Things like having a supportive parent, growing up in a unique place, and being suddenly injured can help to define a person. This paper explains and evaluates my characteristics as they have changed through having a loving and comforting mom, living in San Diego, and getting hurt playing Water Polo. One of the most influential and most respectable people in my life is my mom. Though my dad is a close second, my mom has truly helped shape me in to who I am today. Since the day I was born my mom has always been there for me. Whether it was being in the front row of my dance recital or wiping my teenage tears away, she has always been a comfort. I went through a rough time during my sophomore and junior years of high school. A week before she found drugs in my room, my mom found out I had gotten my belly button pierced and a month later I got kicked out of a class at school. Alone and afraid were only the beginning of how I felt and would feel for a while. Of course I was in trouble, but my mom did her best to get me back on track and get me help. To this day she is amazed at how I have drastically changed, but it is all thanks to her. This is only one example. It has been a consistent pattern throughout my life. She has made me who I am; the person I want to be. The place in which a person lives can change their life forever. â€Å"California,† by Tom Petty describes the atmosphere in which I grew up. I grew up in Southern California, which is unlike any other place in the world. The busyness all around me all the time forced me to fight hard to find out just where I belonged. The high school I attended was huge with almost 4,000 students. The school however was build for 1,200. Everywhere you looked it was a sea of students you could not escape.

Discuss the Status of Foreign Claims Essay

1. Discuss the status of foreign claims and possessions in the trans-Mississippi West from 1811 to 1840. Trace the development of American interests in the region during this era. Between the years 1811 to 1840, Americans had migrated into the trans-Mississippi West in order to obtain defined boundaries with Canada and Mexico; moreover, they went westward to acquire the western edge of the continent. Commercial goals fueled early interest as traders firs sought beaver skins in Oregon territory as early as 1811 and then bison robes prepared by the Plains tribes in the area around the upper Missouri River and its tributaries. Many of the men in the fur business married Indian women, thereby making valuable connections with Indian tribes involved in trapping. In the Southwest, the collapse of the Spanish Empire gave American traders an opportunity they had long sought. Their economic activity prepared the way for military conquest. To the south, land for cotton rather than trade or missionary fervor attracted settlers and squatters in the 1820s at the very time that the Tejano population of 2,000 was adjusting to Mexican independence. On the Pacific, a few New England traders carrying sea otter skins to China anchored in the harbors of Spanish California in the early nineteenth century. By the 1830s, as the near extermination of the animals ruined this trade, a commerce based on California cowhides and tallow developed. New England ships brought clothes, boots, hardware, and furniture manufactured in the East to exchange for hides collected from local ranchers. Among the earliest easterners to settle in the trans-Mississippi West were tribes from the South and the Old Northwest whom the American government forcibly relocated in the present-day Oklahoma and Kansas. 2. Justify American westward expansion in the 1840s. American expansion was due to the rapid population growth, advances in transportation, communication, and the bolstering idea of national superiority, known as Manifest Destiny. This sense of uniqueness and mission was a legacy of early Puritan utopianism and Revolutionary republicanism. By the 1840s, the successful absorption of the Louisiana Territory also contributed to the American expansion towards the best. Publicists of Manifest Destiny proclaimed that the nation not only could but must absorb new territories. This Manifest Destiny, the slogan in which they used to justify this expansion, was begun by John L. O’Sullivan. He expressed the conviction that the country’s superior institutions and culture gave Americans a God-given right, even an obligation, to spread their civilization across the entire continent. 3. From 1823 to 1845, Texas grew from a sparsely settled region of northern Mexico to an independent republic to a state in the American Union. Discuss the reasons for and the major events of this transformation. Texas was able to separate from Mexico into the American Union by yearning for their own independence, winning the battle at San Jacinto, and their new republic they were able to create. It began in 1823, when the Mexican government resolved to strengthen border areas by increasing population. To attract settlers, it offered land in return for token payments and pledges to become Roman Catholics and Mexican citizens. In 1829, the Mexican government altered its Texas policy. Determined to curb American influence, the government abolished slavery in Texas in 1830 and forbade further emigration from the United States. Officials began to collect customs duties on goods crossing the Louisiana border; hoowever, little changed in Texas. American slave owners freed their slaves and then forced them to sign life indenture contracts. Emigrants still crossed the border and outnumbered Mexicans. With the victory at San Jacinto, Texas gained its independence. The new republic started off shakily, financially unstable, and unrecognized by its enemies. For the next few years, the Lone Star Republic led a precarious existence. 4. Analyze President Polk’s actions in handling the Oregon question. Was Polk luck or smart in achieving a peaceful compromise with Britain? Polk was not willing to go to war with Great Britain for Oregon, so he withdrawed his suggestion, while he created more difficulties and complicated the resolution, and achieved a peaceful compromise by sheer luck. Polk began by setting out the American position that settlement carried the presumption of possession. Polk recognized the reality that Americans has not hesitated to settle the disputed territories. His flamboyant posture and expansive American claims complicated the conflict’s resolution. He offered a compromise to Great Britain, but in a tone that antagonized the British. Discussions about Oregon occupied Congress for month. Debate gradually revealed deep divisions about Oregon and the possibility of war with Great Britain. Polk took the unorthodox step of forwarding this proposal to the Senate for a preliminary response. Escaping some of the responsibility for retreating from slogans by sharing it with the Senate, Polk ended the crisis just a few weeks before the declaration of war with Mexico. 5. What led so many Americans to sell most of their possession and embark on an unknown future thousands of miles away in Oregon or California during the 1840s? The lands east of the Mississippi began to fill up, and American automatically called on familiar ideas to justify expansion; they moved west for more lands to settle and more opportunity. Americans lost little time in moving into the new territories. During the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, thousands of Americans left their homes for the West. By 1860, California alone had 3800,000 settlers. At the same time, thousands of Chinese headed south and east to destinations like North and South America to escape the opium wars in the 1840s with Great Britain, internal unrest, and poor economic conditions. Most who came to California called it the â€Å"Gold Mountain. † Most of the emigrants who headed for the Far West, where slavery was prohibited, were white and American-born. They came from the Midwest and Upper South. They had very different routes to arriving West, but they all had the same intention, to reach the riches and the better opportunities to live. 6. Contrast the different lives and tasks face by pioneers on the agricultural, mining, and urban frontiers in the West of the 1840s and 1850s. In contrast to the agricultural settlements, where early residents were isolated and the community expanded gradually, the discovery of gold or silver spurred rapid, if usually short-lived, growth. Mining camps, ramshackle and often hastily constructed, soon housed hundreds or even thousands of miners and people serving them. Merchants, saloon keepers, cooks, druggists, gamblers, and prostitutes hurried into boom areas as fast as prospectors. Usually, about half the residents of any mining camp were there to prospect the miners rather than the mines. Given the motivation, character, and ethnic diversity of those flocking to boom towns and the feeble attempts to set up local government in what were perceived as temporary communities, it was hardly surprising that mining life was often disorderly. If mining life was usually not this violent, it tolerated behavior unacceptable farther east. Miners were not trying to re-create eastern communities but to get rich. 7. Emigrants passing through Utah encountered a Mormon society that seemed â€Å"familiar and orderly, yet foreign and shocking. † Explain The visitors were able to relate and admire the attractively laid of town with irrigation and tidy houses, but as they noted the decorous nature of everyday life, they gossiped about polygamy and searched for signs of rebellion in the faces of Mormon women. Emigrants who opposed slavery were fond of comparing the Mormon wife to the black slave. They were amazed that so few Mormon women seemed interested in escaping from the bonds of plural marriage. Non-Mormon emigrants passing through Utah found much that was recognizable. The government had familiar characteristics. Most Mormons were farmers; many of them came originally from New England and the Midwest and shared mainstream customs and attitudes. But outsiders also perceived profound differences, for the heart of Mormon society was not the individual farmer on his own homestead but the cooperative village. 8. Describe the culture and political organization of the Plains Indians. Discuss how and why their relationship with white Americans changed from the 1840s to 1851. White American first came in contact with this Plains tribes, and witnessed that their culture differed from that of all the other Indian tribes. This ordinary encounter on the overland trail points to the social and cultural differences separating white Americans moving west and the native peoples with whom they came in contact. Confident of their values and rights, emigrants had little regard for those who had lived in the West for centuries and no compunction in seizing their lands. The Plains tribes were similar in other tribes because the had adopted a nomadic way of life after the introduction of Spanish horses in the sixteenth century. Mobility also increased tribal contact and conflict. And war played a central part in the lives of the Plains tribes. This pattern of conflict on the Plains discouraged political unity. But they had signed no treaties with the United States and had few friendly feelings toward whites. Their contact with white society had brought gains through trade in skins, but the trade had also introduced alcohol and destructive epidemics of smallpox and scarlet fever. 9. Write a brief overview of American westward expansion from 1820 to 1860 from the Mexican point of view. For working-class Hispanic Americans, who became laborers for Anglo farmers or mining or railroad companies, we earned less and did more unpleasant jobs than Anglo workers. By 1870, the average Hispanic-American worker’s property was worth only about one-third of what its value had been 20 years earlier. Some of us resisted American expansion into the Southwest. Other Hispanics adopted different tactics. In New Mexico, members of Las Gorras Blancas ripped up railroad ties and cut the barbed-wires fences of Anglo ranchers and farmers. The religiously oriented Penitentes tried to work through the ballot box. Ordinary men, women, and children resisted efforts to convert them to Protestantism and clung to familiar customs and beliefs even as they learned some of the skills needed to survive in a changing culture. This movement seemed to benefit everyone, except for us. We were treated like dirt and was not able to obtain the full potential opportunity everyone else had. We had to struggle to make a living. This American westward expansion was tough on us Mexicans.

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease Risks factors for cardiovascular disease that can and can not be changed.The risks factor for cardiovascular disease have been categorize by the American Heart Association (AHA) as the following: (1) Major risks factors that can not be changed (increasing age, male gender, and heredity). (2) Major risk factors that can be changed (cigarette/tobacco smoke, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity).(3) Other factors diabetes, Obesity, and stress.Physiological Benefits of physical Activity Research shows that moderate, not necessarily extensive exercise is sufficient for good health. For example, for both women and men, the chance of dying from cancer and several other diseases is greater for individuals with sedentary life-styles than those who engage in a daily brisk walk of 30 to 60 minutes (Cufman, 1993). Moderate regular exercise, lasting say 15 to 30 minutes, five times a week also has been found to improve health. In fact, high levels of exercise incre ase the risk of injuries (Edlin p.130Two views of local Extension leaders drilling in p...).If you exercise regularly, your overall risk of a heart attack is about 50 percent less than if you are inactive and out of shape. With routine exercise you can reach a level of physical fitness comparable to an active person ten to twenty years younger. Regular exercise may also lower your cholesterol and blood pressure, and reduce the risk of diabetes.Exercise increases the size of coronary arteries and reduce clogging due to atherosclerosis. Exercise also increases the efficiency of your blood's oxygen-carrying capacity and your muscles' uptake of oxygen.Exercise has been linked to increased levels of high density lipoprotein (good) cholesterol and decreases low-density lipoprotein (bad) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. After exercising for 6 to 12 months, lowered cholesterol levels can mean as much as a 30 percent reduction in the risk of coronary artery...

Baby Boomer Health, Money and Retirement Concerns

Baby Boomer Health, Money and Retirement Concerns Free Online Research Papers As the Baby Boomer generation continues to grow older, their concerns have shifted to their health, money and retirement. The days of wondering where their next vacation should be and whether their bonus check will be as much as they deserve are passing. Today, Baby Boomer issues are mostly about concerns with maintaining their health and having enough money to live comfortably through their years. As people grow older, they often experience problems with their health. Their bodies grow more fragile and susceptible to diseases. Many people 50 years of age and older are reporting health problems that were not experienced by people in their same age group long ago. This problem is created by rising health care costs. As the Boomer generation begins to require more medical care, the cost of that medical care continues to increase. Health issues and their ability to cope with them and find the proper medical support is a major concern for Baby Boomers. Along with rising health care costs, Baby Boomers also worry about money and retirement. During the last couple years of their careers before retiring, people usually enjoy salaries and bonuses that are larger than at any other point in their career. As a result, money is rarely a major concern. However, many people fail to save that money. Instead, they spend it on vacations, their families and in the pursuit of living fun lives. This can lead to a rude awakening when they retire. Because they have not saved much money during their career, a lot of people discover that they do not have enough money to live comfortably during their retirement years. When they retire, they no longer earn a salary. They no longer receive bonus checks. Instead, they are forced to live off the income that can be generated by the investments they have made throughout their lives. Unfortunately, many have not invested any money that can generate this income. Other Baby Boomer issues complicate this money problem. People live longer lives today. When a Baby Boomer retires, he can expect to live many years in retirement. In the past, a 65-year old man could expect to live 10 years in retirement before passing away. The financial requirements of living comfortably for these 10 years were manageable. Today, people use a life expectancy of 90 to 95 years. That is, when a person retires at 65 years of age, he can expect to live up to 30 years in retirement. With dwindling health, rising health care costs and a lack of savings to generate income, the financial requirements of living 30 years in retirement are out of reach for many people. These health, money and retirement concerns will grow as more of the Baby Boomer generation moves into retirement. Some will choose to work part-time jobs to keep active, stay healthy and generate supplemental income. Others will require the aid of family and friends. Still others may require more help than is available to them. As the Baby Boomer issues are beginning to emerge the Boomers will experience the issues that have been quietly gaining momentum for years, their health, money and retirement concerns will continue to grow. Research Papers on Baby Boomer Health, Money and Retirement ConcernsTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringQuebec and CanadaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPETSTEL analysis of India

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why Essay

France Debates Its Identity, but Some Ask Why - Essay Example Although Éric Besson’s ministry seems to connect with debate, he denies any connection between immigration and the debate. On the other hand, Jean-Luc MÃ ©lenchon writes that to be French is to have a French identity card and the rights that go with it. Additionally, French Muslims just like the Arabs react to the debate with resentment claiming discrimination to the French identity. More so, Yazid Sabeg, an Algerian-born businessman, says the French nation is more unified and that the organic sense of being French does exist. Additionally, Mr. Besson argues that Franco-French does not exist and that there is no race. He says that only a shared set of values that include liberty, equality, fraternity, and secularism exist in France (Erlanger Web). There seems to be immense concern on the France identity as portrayed by various French leaders. As such, I think the debate about French identity is worth discussing. I feel that this debate will clearly define the France identity and remove the dark thoughts of discrimination on race and religion. I also feel that very few people in the world understand secularism in the French

Risk of studying abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk of studying abroad - Essay Example The world is rapidly changing and tending more towards independence, therefore, understanding the culture, language, perspective, needs, and concerns of people from outside one’s own country helps students to cope better with the rapidly changing and complex world. This priceless experience cannot be achieved by simple tourist excursions to foreign countries. The study abroad experience allows students to be fully immersed into the culture of people within a foreign country. Keywords: Study Abroad, Culture, Foreign Countries, Students, Introduction There are a number of factors that contribute to the surge of study abroad among students in the world over. First and foremost is the increased ease of travel from one point in the world to another (Bryam & Feng, 2006). Travel is a pleasant and common past time among many university students. For many students living in developed countries, and especially those from affluent backgrounds, study abroad is an extension of this love fo r travel, and the desire to experience life in different cultures and different parts of the world. Study abroad is on an upward trend due to political shifts taking place in many parts of the world. In countries such as the U.K., the government encourages local universities to take up students from other nations across the globe (Bryam & Feng, 2006). Along with this, governments within political unions, such as the European Union (EU), encourage students from their countries to pursue studies in other EU member states (Bryam & Feng, 2006). Economic prospects also influence the decision to study abroad. For students from developing countries of Africa and Asia, study abroad bears the promise of a better career and employment prospects, due to the status associated with studying abroad (Bryam & Feng, 2006). It also provides them with an opportunity to attend some of the world’s best institutions, like the Ivy League institutions, as well as receiving a matching quality of educ ation. Increased cultural interaction also encourages study abroad. This is due to the fact that it improves the cross-cultural intelligence of an individual, promotes international relations among different countries, and adds an extra aspect to the learners’ educational encounter (Bryam & Feng, 2006). Risk Associated with Studying Abroad Like with any experience that requires one to move away from their comfort zone, as well as daily life routine and culture, there are risks associated with study abroad. In this paper, the risks associated with it are broadly categorized into psychological, financial, legal, and educational risks. Psychological risks These are risks that related to the social and emotional wellbeing of students that result from the overall experience of being in a new culture and different environment. According to Butzer, being in a new country is akin to being in a new environment. This in turn means that students have to adapt afresh to new cultures, foo ds, customs and acceptable social norms, as well as new illnesses and health risks (2013). These challenges pose the ultimate risk of culture shock associated with being in a new

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Nutrition and fitness (answer the questions) - Essay Example Unlike in dynamic exercise, which is performed under a range of motions, isometric exercise is done in static positions. Isometric exercise is more suitable to people who are immobilized and can be performed unsupervised while on the other hand dynamic exercises are more vigorous and one may require supervision as they pose a greater risk. A lot of energy is consumed because of the many motions involved in dynamic exercises. As the rate of breathing is gradually increased, more oxygen is consumed. Blood pressure varies significantly during the day as the body is exposed to different exercise. An isometric exercise leads to increased heart rate, systolic and diastolic, therefore, not advised to persons suffering from hypertension. A physical unit of work is estimated differently in both dynamic and isometric exercises. The duration of time under which a muscle is exposed to tension is used to measure the intensity of isometric exercise, in dynamic exercises the distance the mass is moved plays a significant role. Dynamic exercises also involve strength training which has great impacts in muscle building viability of connective tissues and the general wellbeing of the body. Isometric exercise on the other had does very little in muscle training but helps maintain the muscles. Physiologically a person who undertakes dynamic exercises regularly has the lowest risk to heart attack as the body burns large amounts of cholesterol during the exercise. During the dynamic exercises for instance jogging, the body’s rate of metabolism increases above normal and this leads to sweating and panting due to increased heart rates.The constriction of the blood vessels and arteries is the main reason of increased blood pressure during both the isometric and dynamic exercises. The cardiovascular system responds in a complicated manner to dynamic exercises. It adjusts appropriately to keep the brain and the rest of the body parts supplied with blood. The ways in which

Pros and Cons of Social Network Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Social Network Essay According to Tynan (2005, p. 72), 70% of online users are concerned about their online privacy. Many users of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter complain about how these sites do not have the appropriate settings to prevent online threats such as identity theft and the invasion of privacy. They believe that it is the responsibility of social networking sites to safeguard users’ privacy. However, users often forget how willing they are when it comes to revealing intimate details and information of their lives on these sites. This willingness to give out their personal information invites the online privacy ‘troubles’ that users often complain about. With all these information exposed to hackers, identity thieves are given a green light to tap into users’ database when users decide to reveal their information online. Thus, we can say that the users of social networking sites are the biggest threat to their own online privacy and cases of identity thefts. There are three main reasons why people choose to reveal their personal information on social networking sites. Firstly, people use social networking sites to connect, and to do so, they have to reveal personal information about themselves. As Andrews, L. (2011, p. 2) has said, â€Å"Social networking has enormous benefits, helping us stay in touch with people from our pasts and introducing us to people who share our interests. † These information includes their name, age, city they are staying in, company or school they belong to and etc. The information they provide will help long-lost friends connect with them, help them make new friends with common interests and perhaps even help them find a love interest. Another reason why people choose to reveal information about themselves is to create identity. This ‘identity’ is like the information sheet of how the user is like. Users might even want to post their every thought and actions even places they have been to, it becomes a part of their life to log on to social networking sites and post their current status (Andrews, 2011). Writing about the groups and activities a person is involved in for example, tells friends and people around him what are his interests and helps people to understand him better. Lastly, people reveal personal information to gain access to certain websites. These include gaming sites and articles provided by social networking websites, and they often request for the user’s personal information. Users might find it worth it to reveal their information in order to enjoy the entertainment provided by these sites. Thus, they might decide that since their information will be kept confidential, it is safe to provide their personal details without a second thought. It is understood that people choose to reveal their personal information online in exchange for the benefits of using social networking sites. However, they might want to think twice after hearing what dangers they are putting themselves in. Users should be aware of how they are putting their Internet privacy at risk when they reveal personal information about themselves; there are three major threats that users should be wary of. First of all, there is there is the threat of cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is a serious problem among teenagers and it might cause mental illnesses such as depression to the victim. It can happen when a bully gets hold of the content a user posted on the Internet. Unlike normal bullying, where the victim can escape home to safety, the victim can get bullied even at home as it happens on the Internet. The bully can even get hold of the victim’s home address or phone number if the victim had posted it online. One of the most famous cases of online bullying is the â€Å"Star Wars Kid†, Ghyslain Raza, whose homemade video of him fighting with a pretend light sabre was leaked and had more than 15 million downloads. He had been so affected that he was admitted into a child psychiatric ward (Johnson, 2004). We can see from this case study how badly cyber bullying can affect a victim, and this started from a post that the victim had not expected would be leaked. All of these threats occur because people choose to post their details on the social networking sites. While social networking sites are growing, more people are online than ever before and this includes the bad guys on the net (Viega, 2009). Thus, we have to be even more careful about the threats that we might face online. Other than that, users should also beware identity theft. Identity theft is the use of one person’s personal information to commit fraud or other crimes (Columbia University Press, n. d. ). This can happen to users who reveal too much information on the Internet for an identity thief to pose as him or her. As Waldrop, B. (2011) has said, â€Å"A case of identity theft can be as serious as having your entire bank account to be wiped out. † This can be a very serious threat and users should beware of it. Finally, there is the lack of privacy online. The thing about social networking websites is that it has the weakest data link and was even rated by The Cocoon Blog as the second biggest online privacy threat in 2011. With a weak data link, it is easy for even non-users of social networking sites to hack into a user’s database and gain access to what the user has posted. In fact, Mark Zukerberg, the founder of Facebook himself had hacked into the email accounts of two Harvard Crimson reporters using data obtained from TheFacebook. coms logs (Carlson, 2010). This shows how information is easily accessed on social networking sites. People often believe that it is the responsibility of social networking websites to safeguard its users’ privacy. However, here are some of the reasons why users have a major role to play in protecting their own online privacy. Firstly, social networking sites can only protect their users to a limited extent. Social networking sites have really weak data links and they have too many users to be able to take care of all of them. Facebook for example, would be the third largest nation in the world if it were a country (Andrews, 2011, p. 1). We can think Facebook as the government and its privacy settings as the law. In a real country, there would be people breaking rules despite knowing the laws. A weak data link is like Facebook’s version of a weak police force, being unable to prevent data from being stolen. Hence, users cannot choose to rely solely on social networking sites to protect their privacy. Secondly, it is the user’s responsibility to provide his or her loved ones. Some of a user’s information such as home number or address is shared with his or her non-user family members. Thus, revealing information as such might bring harm to the family. An example would be if a burglar decides to break in to a user’s house, whose address he found on the Internet. If a social networking site user had revealed his address and phone number online, all the burglar has to do is to type in phone number or address in Google Search and it will direct him to the user’s home (Tynan, 2005). Finally, it is important that users are aware of what harm information they post can bring. This is so as the information that had been posted cannot be taken back. Even if the user had used the best services to get all of his data removed, the information can be reinstalled within a short period of time (Andrews, 2011). Hence, users are considered the biggest threat to their own online privacy as they are the ones who have a final say on what information they choose to post on the Internet. As mentioned in Cocoon’s 2011 List of the Top 10 Internet Privacy threats, the weakest link in the privacy chain could be the users themselves. Everything that Internet users do online leaves a digital footprint from search engine tastes to browsing patterns and social interactions. Therefore, users should be responsible for what they choose to do on the Internet, as they will never know who is watching and what online privacy threats awaits them. While enjoying the benefits that social networking websites provide them with, they should also be aware of the threats they are facing and learn to protect their own privacy. I strongly believe that the best way to do so is for users to limit the amount of intimate information they reveal online. Privacy settings on social networking sites might help but only to a certain extent and it is better to be safe then sorry. All in all, users should understand that while they are limiting the amount the intimate information of themselves online, they are also protecting themselves from their greatest Internet privacy enemy- themselves.