The Role of the Media in the Disparate Response to Gun Violence in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 760 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? There have been many cases of gun violence in America. For example, the school shooting that occurred in December 2012 in which 20 elementary school children were victims. This was one of the cases in which after plenty of shootings, both political and community leaders began to get involved. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of the Media in the Disparate Response to Gun Violence in America" essay for you Create order Many believe that the cause of awareness was because of the shootings in Newton. Regardless, of the prior shootings, statistics determine that many of the children involved in shootings resulted to be children of color, of which a majority of them come from low-income homes and neighborhoods in which they already encounter gun violence. Although it is widely known and often portrayed by the media that a mass of shootings occur in neighborhoods inhabited by a majority of Blacks it never has an equivalent result compared to the shootings in Newton. It is argued the lack of attention given these groups of children and people derives from the way the media depicts them to be. The way the media has addressed Blacks versus Whites in the past has had a major effect in the interest of people. The stereotypes developed about Blacks may have been influential in the concern and empathy of media directors, which ultimately leads to the concern of the general population. The majority cause of homicides derives from gun violence and the greater part seem to be from Black descent. This includes males from the ages of 10 and 24, which are also more likely to be a victim of gun violence than anyone else. Studies demonstrate that Black minors were more likely to be victims of school shooting than their White counterparts. Those who survived were left with signs of post-traumatic disorders that could eventually lead to further danger in the lives of other minors. During the course of history, racial minorities have been negatively portrayed in the media. movie roles often portrayed stereotypes of racial minorities that included criminals, prostitutes, drug dealers, and drug users. In these results, Black women are often portrayed as immoral and, since then, widely perceived erotic others. In a similar way, Black males have been perceived as savages and criminals. Blacks in particular, have held stereotypes existing among the general U.S. society. News outlets almost never show Blacks as victims. On the contrary, studies have revealed that news stations disproportionately choose to focus on Blacks as the assailants or perpetrators. The ability to associate Blacks as victims becomes increasingly difficult. News stories involving a Black victim are rarely given much attention, journalists do not find such stories as newsworthy. According to their study on the news value of Black victims, Weiss and Chermak (1998) noted, News media treat murders of African-Americans as being less important than murders of white victims. News selection decisions, and how events are presented to the public, are driven by what is considered extraordinary. The results indicate that race plays an important role in the decision making processes of news personnel. Murders involving African-Americ ans, in general, are considered ordinary. (p. 82) The fact that local news stations rarely feature stories involving Blacks as the victim indicates a lack of empathy among the viewing audience (Pritchard Hughes, 1997). Therefore the viewing audience is unable to understand Blacks as being victims versus being assailants (Bjornstrom et al., 2010; Eschholz et al., 2003). By focusing heavily on crime stories, news outlets effectively construct a subjective reality that makes the viewing audience believe that crime is more common than it actually is (Callahan, 2012; Eschholz et al., 2003; Gerbner, Morgan, Signorielli, 1982). It sustains that crime is simply the cultural norm in urban areas including the deaths of children or minors as a part of that norm (Levine et al., 2012; Miller, 2010; Weiss Chermak, 1998). As a result, the deaths of children or minors are viewed as nothing new. So those who live outside of such areas think the issue is something from which they are not part of, and therefore, not something for which they should be concerned. In conclusion, the historical and ongoing portrayal of Blacks in the media has maintained the negative stereotypes of Blacks as part of a culture that is vi olent and aggressive. The media has set upheld a depiction of Blacks as criminally inclined. Consequently, the rate at which children and minors within the inner city lose their lives to gun violence is generalized as manifestations of a norm among low-income Blacks. Efforts to resolve gun violence have been the responsibility of people within those communities suffering from gun violence. As a result, the numbers of Black minors who lose their lives, often on school grounds, go unnoticed.

Essay on Lebanon and its main problems - 1800 Words

Lebanon Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country that is delimitated to the west by the Mediterranean and to the east by the Syro-African Depression. Lebanon borders Syria to the north and to the east, and Israel in the south. Lebanon’s climate is â€Å"Mediterranean†; mild to cool, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. Some of Lebanon’s natural resources are the limestone, salt, water and iron ore. Like any other country there are natural hazards such as dust storms and sandstorms. [ Population pressures: growth, urbanization, immigration. Lebanon’s population consists of 3, 777, 218 (this data is from July, 2004) Age structure:nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;~ 0-14 years: 26.9% (male 517,356; female 496,888) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;†¦show more content†¦Due to civil war, Lebanon’s economy was highly affected, for instance central government institutions disintegrated. Therefore the estate was handicapped, and accumulated several debts, for example by 2001 Lebanon had reached $28 billion, or nearly 150% of GDP. As a matter of fact, economic performance was sluggish in 2000 and 2001 and there was no growth in 2000. Lebanon’s current program of reforms focuses on three main aspects: -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Economic restoration and â€Å"sustainable growth† -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Fiscal consolidation and structural improvement in public sector finances -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Monetary, financial, and price stability† The Lebanese pound is firmly pegged to the American dollar since September 1999. Furthermore Lebanese currency has â€Å"undetermined competitiveness, with merchandise exports falling from 23% of GDP in 1989 to 4% in 2000†. In 2002, the Lebanese government increased gasoline taxes, reduced expenditures, and approved a â€Å"value-added-tax†; all of these became effective in February 2002. In Lebanon is it hard to finance the government because of the slow money growth and dollarization, which results in a burden to the ‘Central Bank’. Some of the measurements that the government has put primary emphasis on privatization are: the telecom sector and electricity, Beirut port, and water utilities. Lebanon’s is U.S’ fourth largest source of imported goods; the U.S has more thanShow MoreRelatedFeasibility Study Of Implementing A 3d Express Coach Straddling Bus Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesbus† in Lebanon. The primary aim of this proposal is to request authorization to write a feasibility report concerning the implementation of straddling buses in Lebanon. According to the head of the future Block MP committee Mohammad Qabbani, many plans and alternatives were investigated in order to improve public transportation in Beirut but this was made very difficult due to Beirut great traffic jam (The Daily Star, 2016). 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As well as the current situation will also be presented in this paper. The main argument of the paper will focus on the factors from history are impacting the current situation of Lebanon. Lebanon had a horrific h istory under the Ottoman rule and from that time the countryRead MoreThe War Over Territory On The Southern Border1567 Words   |  7 Pageshas the ability to be used to analyze a certain place or country. One country that’s currently dealing with a significant amount of issues, is Lebanon. Many of the social factors looked at as a source of happiness, are either missing or being threatened by radical groups within the country. War over territory on the southern border has been a consistent problem within the country for decades, leading to a significant amount of destruction and tension between the Lebanese and their neighbors. 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She could hear the boom of cars exploding, as buildings and stores crumbled to the ground. Ever since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War three years ago, her life has not been the same. Her small school hasRead MoreProposal of Marianila Hair Products1370 Words   |  6 PagesMariaNila hair cosmetics by LaPerle 2. Objectives of the project: The objective of this project is to: a. Due to its growing popularity in the Scandinavian countries LaPerle is looking to expand globally. Paul Katra is the sole agent in Lebanon since he already works with this brand in the field of hair straightening and perm but not as retail. b. MariaNila is investing a lot in new research and development to expand its product mix and increase profit by customizing products to tailor

An Evaluation on Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores free essay sample

An in-depth comparison of two corporations: Target and Wal-Mart. This paper examines the large store discount general merchandise market through the comparison of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores. The paper is packed with facts and statistic on the corporations investments, bank loans and markets. The papers author asks the question of which company is best to invest in and who is the better employer. This paper is written in outline format with a clear and direct method of presenting information. Table of Contents The Large-Store Discount General Merchandise Market Investment Decisions Lending Decisions Employer Overview Of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc Investment Decisions Employment Appendix Bibliography Outline 1. The companies being analyzed are Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. They are general merchandise retailers. They compete in the large-store general merchandise market, especially in the discount store segment and the US geographic market. 1.1. Target Corporations Store Brands in multiple formats are Target, Super Target, Mervyns, Marshall Fields, Target Direct and Target Visa. We will write a custom essay sample on An Evaluation on Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Target operates 1409 stores in 47 states in the United States and is currently the No.3 discount retailer in the US market. 1.2. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has several Store Brands: Wal-Mart currently operates 2295 Wal-Mart Discount Stores; 1521 Supercenters; 564 Sams Clubs and 34 Neighbourhood Markets in 9 countries outside the US Argentina; Brazil; Canada; China; Germany; South Korea; Mexico; Puerto Rico; United Kingdom. Wal-Mart is today the worlds largest retailer (and company measured by revenue) and occupies the No.1 position in the US General Merchandise Retail Market.

Marketing Orientation free essay sample

There have been many studies of the term ‘marketing orientation’, and its presence within organisations. Marketing orientation is an approach that companies take which centres its activities towards achieving customer satisfaction through effective marketing. It is where customers form the basis of an organisations performance and overall success. In order to achieve successful marketing orientation, a company must organise an effective structure through planning its activities, products and services successfully. This will help the company on focusing its aims and objectives on the needs and requirements of its customers, in order to establish a relationship that will increase performance and success. ‘Market orientation is the organisation wide development of market intelligence pertaining to customer needs. ’ (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990. p12) Two approaches to marketing Orientation have been suggested by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), focusing on the practices and culture that the company adopts. It has been interpreted by Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999) that marketing orientation is either ‘a company attitude or company behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Orientation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is whether a company is customer orientated or focuses on a competitive advantage through marketing orientation. Other authors have similiar thoughts upon these approaches to marketing orientation. Drucker (1954) believes that customers perceive marketing as an ‘activity involving the entire organisation’, rather than being a specific company process. The author’s view coincides with the work of Avlonitis and Gounaris (1999), as he focuses on the attitude organisations have in satisfying customer needs. The other side to this approach is the significance of a company’s culture towards marketing orientated activities. Felton (1959) states; ‘It is the attitudes and beliefs of a workforce that control the level of orientated activities a company strives to achieve,’ implying the focus is on themselves competing rather than putting the customer first. Trout and Ries (1985) perceive marketing orientation as an effort by companies to increase competitor advantage, rather than satisfy customer needs. Therefore the company’s culture is focusing its strategy on competitor orientation in order to achieve success. An organisations performance is a very important aspect of successful marketing orientation. Narver and Slater (1990) state that marketing orientation is based on 3 performance measures, which include ‘customer and competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination. ’ Introducing effective performance measures can have positive influences on companies, as it helps the company’s culture set aims and objectives for a successful approach to marketing orientation. Jobber (2007) also describes the importance of these measures, stating; ‘A marketing concept culture that manifests in corporate activities to create superior value for customers. However, specific marketing activities relating to the behaviour of a company have ‘emphasis on managerial control rather than the natural culture of the organisation’ (Ellis, 2004), which relates to the work of Trout and Ries (1985) and their beliefs of company’s influencing the importance of competitor orientation over the satisfaction of their customers. Sharp (1991) argues the approach to marketing orientation as described by Drucker (1954), saying that it’s more than just about customer focus; Market orientation has a principle element of focusing on available markets and customer needs. Sharp criticises this view of orientation, as costs of maintaining customer focus will incur in unstable markets, affecting a companies orientation plan. In order to balance this procedure, a company needs equal focus in its approach to marketing orientation, which will help achieve success and efficiency. The link between organisational strategic thinking (Sharp, 1991) and managerial control (Ellis, 2004) helps towards a successful company through competitor orientation. Ellis states that effective performances increase through analysing competitor actions, in order to create a competitor advantage. However, company’s still need to be responsive to customer needs due to volatile markets. Overall increases of a company’s orientation, resulting from effective customer satisfaction, will then lead to greater performances (Kohli and Jaworski, 1990). The relationship between performance and marketing orientation is analysed negatively to strategic marketing. Sin (2005) considers the ‘external environmental aspects’ of marketing orientation, emphasising the importance of linking performance and marketing orientation in order to meet the needs of customers. Sin believes that if companies developed their approaches towards linking these two factors, a more in depth examination of customers needs could be undertaken, which would lead to higher performances within the company. Sin agrees with Sharp’s views, by describing the inclusion of customer needs as well as company aims and objectives. A strategic way of thinking is described by Sharp, where marketing orientation is described as being the most relevant, as it focuses on company, and not just market characteristics. The analyses of various journal articles relating to marketing orientation has led me to understand the different issues relating to marketing orientation. I agree with Kohli and Jaworski (1990) that a company should balance its orientation between customer focus and its aims and objectives, for effective performances. The authors were very clear and focused on what strategies were effective in approaching marketing orientation. I felt that this analysis helped me understand the best method of adopting marketing orientation and how to effectively respond to customer demands, as well as creating a competitive advantage. Limitations to the analysis were discussions from Felton (1959) and Trout and Ries (1995). The views of these authors concentrated on companies who adopted marketing orientation to create a competitive advantage as its main priority. The context of this article focused totally on businesses success and shadowed the importance of customer orientation, something which I feel is crucial for overall success.